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目的 分析青少年突发性耳聋住院患者临床资料,了解疾病在儿童期和青春期的临床特征及转归规律.方法 选取2008年6月-2010年11月在解放军总医院耳内科住院治疗的0～18岁青少年突发性耳聋患者35例(38耳),按照年龄阶段分为2组:儿童期患者(0 ～12岁)17例(19耳),青春期患者(13 ～ 18岁)18例(19耳).对比两组患者临床表现、听力学特征、血液学指标以及疗效等情况.结果 青少年突发性耳聋很少伴有“耳闷”症状；儿童期组患者发病前有明确的病毒感染史的比例明显高于青春期组.青少年突发性耳聋的听力损失程度普遍较重,81.6％的患耳表现为重度至极重度感音神经性聋,听力曲线类型以平坦型和全聋型最为多见.儿童期组与青春期组血小板计数、电解质离子浓度、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白量等多项血液学指标差异有统计学意义.42.1％的患者听力得到不同程度的改善,儿童期组与青春期组总有效率差异无统计学意义,但青春期组听力提高程度较儿童期组更为明显.结论 青少年突发性耳聋患者在儿童期与青春期的临床与听力学特征、血液学指标及治疗效果具有各自不同的特点,通过分型分级诊治有助于进一步完善不同年龄阶段突发性耳聋诊疗方案.

Objective To explore the clinical profiles of juvenile sudden sensorineural hearing loss (JSSNHL) and examine its clinical characteristics and prognosis.Methods A retrospective review was conducted for the clinical symptoms,audiological characteristics,hematological indices and proggosis in JSSNHL during the past 2 years (from June 2008 to November 2010).All patients were divided into 2 groups according to age,that is group childhood (A,0-12 years old) and group adolescence (B,13-18 years old).Results JSSNHL patients were rarely associated with "aural fullness" symptoms.Two groups of patients with "tinnitus" symptom accounted for 88.2％ and 89.5％.Those with "vertigo" symptom accounted for 47.1％ and 44.4％ respectively.Most patients (81.6％) showed severe and profound hearing loss.The most common types of audiometric curve were flat and total deafness.Some obvious differences existed between two groups in hematological indices,such as platelet count,concentrations of clcctrolytc ions,mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin.Almost half of them (42.1％) improved hearing level during systemic medical treatment.The patients of two groups showed no significant differcnce in efficacies.And the hearing enhancement degree of patients in group B was more apparent than that of group A.Conclusions JSSNHL has different clinical features in different age groups.And the outcomes of personalized treatment regimens may be further improved through classification and grading.